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''Warburgia salutaris'' (pepper-bark tree, (アフリカーンス語:Peperbasboom), (ソト語:Molaka), (ヴェンダ語:Mulanga), (ズールー語:Isibaha))〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Protected Trees )〕 is a species of tree in the Canellaceae family. It is found in Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Malawi and Zimbabwe. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is a popular medicinal plant and is overharvested in the wild, another reason for its endangerment.〔(PlantzAfrica )〕 The Pepper-bark tree is a protected tree in South Africa.〔 Various projects are investigating methods of propagation under controlled conditions with subsequent planting in the wild.〔(''W. salutaris'' ). World Agroforestry.〕 This is an erect tree growing up to about ten metres in maximum height, but known to reach 20 metres at times. It has a thick canopy of aromatic, shiny green leaves. The evergreen leaf blades are lance-shaped, measuring up to 11 cm long by 3 wide. The flowers have ten yellow-green petals. They are each just under a centimeter long and are solitary or borne in small clusters of up to 3. The fruit is a berry, leathery purple or black in color when ripe, measuring up to 4 cm wide. The leaves are used to add peppery flavoring to food and tea.〔 The bitter taste of the tree's bark and leaves is due to the presence of iridoids.〔Mohanlall, V. and B. Odhav. (2009). (Furans and furanones with antimycotoxigenic activity isolated from ''Warburgia salutaris'' (Canellaceae). ) ''Journal of Medicinal Plants Research'' 3:4 231-40.〕 The herbage and fruit are fed to animals.〔 The aromatic, oily, yellowish wood is used for firewood.〔 This plant is used medicinally by the Maasai people to treat malaria. It is used as a snuff or smoked for respiratory complaints such as common cold and cough.〔 The bark can be purchased at markets in Tanzania,〔(Indigenous multipurpose trees of Tanzania. )〕 and elsewhere.〔.〕 A chemical compound isolated from the bark of the tree shows antimicrobial activity at high concentrations.〔 It is attractive and makes a good shade tree.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Warburgia salutaris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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